is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal. People with diabetes have problems converting food to energy. After a meal, food is broken down into a sugar called glucose, which is carried by the blood to cells throughout the body. Cells use the hormone insulin, made in the pancreas, to help them process blood glucose into energy.
When you have type 2 diabetes, the body does not respond correctly to insulin. This is called insulin resistance. Insulin
resistance means that fat, liver, and muscle cells do not respond normally to insulin. As a result blood sugar does not get into cells to be stored for energy.
When sugar cannot enter cells, abnormally high levels of sugar build up in the blood. this is called hyperglycemia. High levels of blood sugar often trigger the pancreas to produce more and more insulin, but it is not enough to keep up with the body's demand.
People who are overweight are more likely to have insulin resistance, because fat interferes with the body's ability to use insulin.
Type 2 diabetes usually occurs gradually. Most people with the disease are overweight at the time of diagnosis. However, type 2 diabetes can also develop in those who are thin, especially the elderly.
Family history and genetics play a large role in type 2 diabetes. Low activity level, poor diet, and excess body weight (especially around the waist) significantly increase your risk for type 2 diabetes.
Other risk factors include:
- Age greater than 45 years
- HDL cholesterol of less than 35 mg/dL or triglyceride level of greater than 250 mg/dL
- High blood pressure
- History of gestational diabetes
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- Previously identified impaired glucose tolerance by your doctor
- Race/ethnicity (African American, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans all have high rate of diabetes)
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